The Letters of John F. Kennedy

Abstract

This study examines the boycott movements within the context of Turkish nationalism during the early 20th century, as detailed in Doğan Çetinkaya's *The Young Turks and the Boycott Movement*. The book contributes to a growing trend in Turkish historiography by situating the 1908 Ottoman Revolution within broader international contexts, including concurrent constitutional revolutions in Russia, Iran, Mexico, and China. By utilizing non-state archives such as periodicals and pamphlets from both Turkey and Greece, Çetinkaya highlights the interconnectedness of various national boycott movements across different regions. These movements, characterized by mass mobilization through press, telegraph services, and civil organizations, played pivotal roles in shaping local urban centers within the Ottoman Empire. The study particularly emphasizes the grassroots organization of Turkish nationalism, challenging previous historiographical narratives that have predominantly focused on top-down elite-driven processes. Instead, it explores how diverse social classes and political figures contributed to rising nationalism and the marginalization of non-Muslim communities. This approach provides a more nuanced understanding of how ordinary citizens engaged with nationalist ideologies and their practical implications in everyday life.

(The abstract and keywords were prepared retrospectively for indexing purposes using AI-assisted tools and editorial review, based on the original article. They did not appear in the original publication.)